Teeth whitening lightens the color of teeth to make them look younger and healthier. A bright smile has been shown to increase self-esteem and boost job-related performance. However a few common teeth-whitening techniques are not safe, and some can even damage the enamel and gums. Before you decide to whiten your smile, it’s best to discuss the results you wish to achieve with your dentist.

Tooth stains are made of color compounds called chromogens that build up on the tooth surface (extrinsic stains) or within the natural small porosity of the dentin beneath the enamel (intrinsic stains). Bleaching agents can lighten these stains, but a treatment time is required. Different whitening product types are marketed to address particular stains. These include cleansers with increased abrasives and detergents to remove surface chromogens; bleaches that react with the chromogens to lighten color; and products with both increased cleansing and bleaching.

Teeth Whitening: How to Get a Brighter Smile Fast

The most effective at-home whitening treatment is one that combines cleaning, flossing, and rinsing with daily use of an antiseptic mouthwash to remove bacteria and help prevent cavities. Also try to eat foods rich in calcium and potassium, such as dairy and leafy vegetables. These nutrients help strengthen the teeth, which can reduce the risk of stains.

When shopping for a whitening kit, look for one with the American Dental Association (ADA) Seal of Acceptance. Also, check that the whitening tray can be molded to some degree — it’s easier to use and less likely to cause discomfort if it fits better. Also, avoid abrasive whitening toothpastes, which may scratch the enamel and make teeth appear duller over time. And remember that whitening is not permanent, and touch-ups may be needed several times a year to maintain the results.